Harosheth Haggoyim

Harosheth Haggoyim (Hebrew: חרושת הגויים‎‎, lit. Smithy of the Nations) is a fortress described in the Book of Judges as the fortress or cavalry base of Sisera, commander of the army of "Jabin, King of Canaan".

Sisera is described as having had nine hundred iron chariots with which he fought the Israelites. In Judges 5, the mother of Sisera is poignantly described looking from a window, presumably in Harosheth Haggoyim, and asking "Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why is the clatter of his chariots delayed?" when he does not return from the battle where his army was defeated by the Israelites, and he was killed by the Biblical heroine Yael.

In the late 19th century, Victor Guérin identified the southern Lebanese village of Hariss with Harosheth, a location with which the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine seems to agree.

Archaeologists Oren Cohen and Adam Zertal of the University of Haifa propose that the site of El-Ahwat, between Katzir-Harish and Nahal Iron, is the site of Harosheth Haggoyim.

The site was excavated from 1993-2000 by teams from the University of Haifa and the University of Cagliari in Sardinia. The dig was headed by Professor Zertal. The dig revealed a fortified place dating to the Late Bronze Age and early Iron Age (13th-12th centuries BCE). The style of the fortifications, walls, passageways in the walls and rounded huts is very different from Canaanite cities of the era, leading Zertal to propose that the site may have been occupied by the Shardana, one of the Sea-People who invaded the Levant in the Late Bronze Age. Zertal based his 2010 Hebrew language Sisera’s Secret, A Journey following the Sea-Peoples and the Song of Deborah, (Dvir, Tel Aviv) on this theory.

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