Haplogroup U6 (mtDNA)

Haplogroup U
Possible time of origin	46,500 ± 3,300 years ago
Possible place of origin	Western Asia
Ancestor	R
Descendants	U1, U5, U6, U2'3'4'7'8'9
Defining mutations	11467, 12308, 12372

Haplogroup U is a (mtDNA). Arising from haplogroup R in the beginning Upper Paleolithic, its various subclades (labelled U1–U9, diverging over the course of the Upper Paleolithic) are found widely distributed across Northern and Eastern Europe, Central, Western and South Asia, as well as North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Canary Islands.

The most common subclade of haplogroup U8b is haplogroup K, which is estimated to date to between 30,000 and 22,000 years ago.

Haplogroup U descends from the haplogroup R mtDNA branch of the phylogenetic tree. The defining mutations (A11467G, A12308G, G12372A) are estimated to have arisen between about 43,000 and 50,000 years ago, in the beginning Upper Paleolithic (95% CI: 46,530 ± 3,290 according to Behar et al., 2012)

Ancient DNA classified as belonging to the U* mitochondrial haplogroup has been recovered from human remains found in Western Siberia, dated to c. 45,000 years ago.

Haplogroup U has also been found among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, dated to the 1st millennium BC.

Haplogroup U is found in 15% of Indian caste and 8% of Indian tribal populations. Haplogroup U is found in approximately 11% of native Europeans and is held as the oldest maternal haplogroup found in that region. In a 2013 study, all but one of the ancient modern human sequences from Europe belonged to maternal haplogroup U, thus confirming previous findings that haplogroup U was the dominant type of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Europe before the spread of agriculture into Europe and the presence and the spread of the Indo-Europeans in Western Europe.

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