Haplogroup R2a
| Haplogroup R2a | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 12,000 years BP |
| Possible place of origin | Central Asia or South Asia |
| Ancestor | R-M479 |
| Descendants | R-M124*, R-L295, R-L263, R-L1069 |
| Defining mutations | M124, P249, P267, L266 |
Haplogroup R2a, or haplogroup R-M124, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic markers M124, P249, P267, L266, and is mainly found in South Asia as well as in Central Asia, Caucasus and Southwest Asia.
Haplogoup R2a is also known as haplogroup R-M124. The first reference to the newly defined haplogroup, "R-M124", was on the 25th of August 2010.
Before the publication of the 2005 Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree, Haplogroup R-M124 was known as Haplogroup P1 and formerly thought to be a sister clade of Haplogroup R rather than derived from it.
Haplogroup R2 most often observed in Asia, especially on the Indian sub-continent and Central Asia. It is also reported at notable frequencies in Caucasus.
According to Sengupta et al. (2006),
uncertainty neutralizes previous conclusions that the intrusion of HGs R1a1 and R2 [Now R-M124] from the northwest in Dravidian-speaking southern tribes is attributable to a single recent event. Rather, these HGs contain considerable demographic complexity, as implied by their high haplotype diversity. Specifically, they could have actually arrived in southern India from a southwestern Asian source region multiple times, with some episodes considerably earlier than others.
Paragroup R-M124*
Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers. They are typically represented by an asterisk (*) placed after the main haplogroup.
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