Haplogroup N (Y-DNA)
| Haplogroup N | |
|---|---|
.PNG) |
|
| Possible time of origin | 20,000 to 25,000 years BP |
| Possible place of origin | East Asia |
| Ancestor | NO |
| Defining mutations | M231 |
| Highest frequencies | Yakuts 75%, Nenets 75%, Finns 60%, Baltic States 45% (McDonald 2005), Saami 40%, East Prussian Germans 28%, (Malyarchuk 2004), |
| Haplogroup N1 | |
|---|---|
| Possible place of origin | Asia |
| Ancestor | N* (M231) |
| Defining mutations | CTS11499/L735/M2291 (previously LLY22g) |
| Haplogroup N-M128 | |
|---|---|
| Possible place of origin | Asia |
| Ancestor | N1c2 (F1008/L666) |
| Defining mutations | M128 |
Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup typical of Northern Eurasia, which is defined by the presence of the marker M231.
However, the basal paragroup N* has only been found in populations indigenous to China and Cambodia. Subclades of N-M231 have been found at low levels in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Southwest Asia and the Balkans. These factors tend to suggest that it originated in East Asia or Southeast Asia.
Haplogroup N-M231 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup NO. It is considered relatively young, having populated the north of Eurasia after the last Ice Age. Males carrying the marker apparently moved northwards as the climate warmed in the Holocene.
It is suggested that N-M231 arose in Southeast Asia 19.4±4.8 ky years ago, and then migrated in a counter-clockwise path from modern day regions of Mongolia and northern China to as far as northeastern Europe (Rootsi 2006).
The absence of haplogroup N-M231 in the Americas indicates that its spread across Asia happened after the submergence of Beringia (Chiaroni 2009).
Haplogroup N has a wide geographic distribution throughout northern Eurasia, and it also has been observed occasionally in other areas, including Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Southwest Asia and Southern Europe.
Its highest frequency occurs among the Finnic and Baltic peoples of northern Europe, the Ob-Ugric and Northern Samoyedic peoples of western Siberia, and the Siberian Turkic-speaking Yakuts (McDonald 2005).
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