Haplogroup N-M231
| Haplogroup N | |
|---|---|
.PNG) |
|
| Possible time of origin | 36,800 [95% CI 34,300 <-> 39,300] ybp (YFull) |
| Possible place of origin | East Asia |
| Coalescence age | about 21,000 years ago 22,100 [95% CI 19,800 <-> 24,400] ybp (YFull) |
| Ancestor | NO |
| Defining mutations | M231 |
| Highest frequencies | Yakuts 75%, Nenets 75%, Finns 60%, Baltic States 45% (McDonald 2005), Saami 40% |
| Haplogroup N1 | |
|---|---|
| Possible place of origin | Asia |
| Coalescence age | {{{TMRCA}}} |
| Ancestor | N* (M231) |
| Defining mutations | CTS11499/L735/M2291 (previously LLY22g) |
| Haplogroup N-M128 | |
|---|---|
| Possible place of origin | Asia |
| Coalescence age | {{{TMRCA}}} |
| Ancestor | N1c2 (F1008/L666) |
| Defining mutations | M128 |
Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup typical of Northern Eurasia, which is defined by the presence of the marker M231.
Haplogroup N-M231 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup NO. It is considered relatively young, having populated the north of Eurasia after the last Ice Age. Males carrying the marker apparently moved northwards as the climate warmed in the Holocene.
It is suggested that N-M231 arose in Southeast Asia 19.4±4.8 ky years ago, and then migrated in a counter-clockwise path from modern day regions of Mongolia and northern China to as far as northeastern Europe (Rootsi 2006).
The absence of haplogroup N-M231 in the Americas indicates that its spread across Asia happened after the submergence of Beringia (Chiaroni 2009).
Haplogroup N has a wide geographic distribution throughout northern Eurasia, and it also has been observed occasionally in other areas, including Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Southwest Asia and Southern Europe.
Its highest frequency occurs among the Finnic and Baltic peoples of northern Europe, the Ob-Ugric and Northern Samoyedic peoples of western Siberia, and the Siberian Turkic-speaking Yakuts (McDonald 2005).
Y-chromosomes that display the M231 mutation that defines Haplogroup N-M231, but do not display the CTS11499, L735, M2291 mutations that define Haplogroup N1 are said to belong to paragroup N-M231*. (A "Haplogroup N2" has also been mooted, defined by F3373, M2283, Page56, and/or S323.)
N-M231* has been found at low levels in China and Cambodia. Out of a sample of 165 Han males from China, two individuals (1.2%) were found to belong to N*.(Karafet 2010). One originated from Guangdong and one from Shaanxi.
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