Haplogroup G (mtDNA)

Haplogroup G
Possible time of origin	35,700 YBP
Possible place of origin	East Asia
Ancestor	M12'G
Descendants	G1, G2, G3, G4
Defining mutations	709, 4833, 5108

In , Haplogroup G is a .

Haplogroup G is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup G is divided into subclades G1, G2, G3, and G4.

It is an East Asian haplogroup. Today, haplogroup G is found at its highest frequency in indigenous populations of the lands surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk. Haplogroup G is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups among modern Ainu, Japanese, Mongol, and Tibetan people (as well as among people of the prehistoric Jōmon culture in Hokkaidō). It is also found at a lower frequency among many other populations of East Asia, Central Asia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. However, unlike other mitochondrial DNA haplogroups typical of populations of northeastern Asia, such as haplogroup A, haplogroup C, and haplogroup D, haplogroup G has not been found among indigenous peoples of the Americas.

Subclade G2 is the most widely distributed, being found with low frequency in many populations all the way from western Siberia (Mansi, Khanty) to Japan (Japanese, Ainu) and from Iran (Persian) to South Central China (Hmong and Tujia in Hunan and Mien in Guangxi). G2 (and especially its subclade G2a) is notably frequent among many Mongolic- or Turkic-speaking populations of northern East Asia and Central Asia. G2a also has been found with high frequency in some samples of Tharus from southern Nepal.

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Wikipedia