Haplogroup DE (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup DE
Possible time of origin	65,000 (59,100–68,300) BP 50,000-55,000 split between D and E, 70,000-75,000 split between CF and DE
Possible place of origin	Africa or Asia
Ancestor	CT
Descendants	D, E
Defining mutations	M1/YAP, M145 = P205, M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183

Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, or UEPs, M1(YAP), M145(P205), M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183.

DE is unique because it is distributed in several geographically distinct clusters. Immediate subclade, haplogroup D, is normally found only in eastern Asia, and the other immediate subclade, haplogroup E, is common in Africa, Europe and the Middle East.

The most well-known unique event polymorphism (UEP) that defines DE is the Y-chromosome Alu Polymorphism (YAP) YAP. The mutation was caused when a strand of DNA, known as Alu, inserted a copy of itself into the Y chromosome. Hence all Y chromosomes belonging to DE, D, E and their subclades are YAP-positive (YAP+). All Y chromosomes that belong to other haplogroups and subclades are YAP-negative (YAP-).

Haplogroup DE is an estimated 65,000 years old.

The subclades of DE continue to confound investigators trying to reconstruct the migration of humans because, while they are common in Africa and East Asia, they are also largely absent between these two regions. As the paragroup DE* is extremely rare, the majority of DE male lines fall into subclades of either D-M174 or E-M96. While D-M174 likely originated in Asia – the only place where it is now found, E-M96 is more likely to have originated in East Africa. However, a West Asian origin for E-M96 is considered possible by some scholars. Some researchers have suggested that the exceptional rarity of DE lineages in India – a region considered important in the dispersal of modern humans – may be meaningful, because D-M174 and E-M96 have remained common in neighbouring areas. It has been inferred that a deleterious mutation or mutations may have been responsible for the extinction of DE lineages in India.

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