Gustave Trouvé
| Gustave Trouvé | |
|---|---|
|
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| Born | 2 January 1839 La Haye Descartes, France |
| Died |
27 July 1902 (aged 63) Paris, France |
| Residence | 14 rue Vivienne, Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | Electrical engineering, Multiple Applications - Transport, Medical, Entertainment, Inventor |
| Alma mater | Ecole des Arts et Métiers, Angers |
| Known for | The above fields |
Gustave Pierre Trouvé (2 January 1839 – 27 July 1902) was a French electrical engineer and inventor in the 19th century.
Trouvé was born January 2, 1839 in La Haye-Descartes (Indre-et-Loire, France) and died July 27, 1902 in Paris. A polymath, he was highly respected for his innovative skill in miniaturization.
Gustave Trouvé was born into a modest family, his father, Jacques Trouvé, was a cattle dealer., In 1850, he studied to be a locksmith in Chinon College, then in 1854-55 at the École des Arts et Métiers in Angers. His studies incomplete through poor health, he left his local region for Paris where he obtained a job with a clockmaker.
From 1865 Trouvé set up a workshop in central Paris where he innovated and patented many widely differing applications of electricity, regularly reported on by popular science magazines of the time such as La Nature. He invented a carbon-zinc pocket-sized battery to power his miniature electric automata which soon became very popular. A similar battery was invented and widely commercialized by Georges Leclanché.
Gustave Trouvé took part in the improvement in communication systems with several noteworthy innovations. In 1872 he developed a portable military telegraph whose cabling enabled rapid communication up to a distance of one kilometer, enabling the swift transmission of both orders and reports back from the Front. In 1874, he developed a device for locating and extracting metal objects such as bullets from human patients, the prototype of today’s metal detector. In 1878, he improved the sound intensity of Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone system by incorporating a double membrane. The same year he invented a highly sensitive portable microphone. Trouvé soon came to be known and respected by his talent for miniaturization. The same year, using a battery developed by Gaston Planté, and a small incandescent airtight bulb, he innovated a "polyscope", the prototype of today’s endoscope.
In 1880 Trouvé improved the efficiency of a small electric motor developed by Siemens and using the recently developed rechargeable battery, fitted it to an English James Starley tricycle, so inventing the world’s first electric vehicle. Although this was successfully tested on April 19, 1881 along the Rue Valois in central Paris, he was unable to patent it. Trouvé swiftly adapted his battery-powered motor to marine propulsion; to make it easy to carry his marine conversion to and from his workshop to the nearby River Seine, Trouvé made it portable and removable from the boat, thus inventing the outboard engine. On May 26, 1881, the 5m Trouvé prototype, called Le Téléphone reached a speed of 1 m/s (3,6 km/h) going upstream et 2,5 m/s (9 km/h) downstream.
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