Gurun Princess Hexiao
| Gurun Princess Hexiao | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born | 2 February 1775 |
| Died | 13 October 1823 (aged 48) |
| Spouse | Fengshen Yinde |
| Issue | unnamed son who died young |
| House | Aisin Gioro |
| Father | Qianlong Emperor |
| Mother | Consort Dun |
| Gurun Princess Hexiao | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 固倫和孝公主 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 固伦和孝公主 | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Gùlún Héxiào Gōngzhǔ |
Gurun Princess Hexiao (2 February 1775 – 13 October 1823), personal name unknown, was a Manchu princess of the Qing dynasty. She was the tenth daughter of the Qianlong Emperor. Her mother was Consort Dun.
Gurun Princess Hexiao was born in 1775 when the Qianlong Emperor was already 63 years old. At the time of her birth, nearly all of the Qianlong Emperor's other daughters, including Gurun Princess Hejing (固倫和靜公主) and Heshuo Princess Heke (和碩和恪公主), had either died or married and left the palace. The Qianlong Emperor was thus overjoyed when he heard news of the birth of another daughter. Gurun Princess Hexiao was deeply favoured by her father from birth. Throughout her childhood, ministers and courtiers remarked that the Tenth Princess – as she was commonly referred to – resembled her father in appearance. She was said to be resolute in character, and frequently accompanied the Qianlong Emperor on hunting excursions.
Going against tradition, the Qianlong Emperor elevated his tenth daughter from the status of a "Heshuo Princess" (the rank usually accorded to a princess born to a consort below the rank of Empress) to a "Gurun Princess" (the rank of a princess born to the Empress). Therefore, the Tenth Princess became known by her title "Gurun Princess Hexiao".
On 12 January 1789, the 15-year-old princess married Fengšen Yendehe (豐紳殷德; 1775–1810) of the Niohuru clan, a prominent Manchu clan. Fengšen Yendehe was the eldest son of Heshen, an official highly favoured by the Qianlong Emperor. Gurun Princess Hexiao's dowry of 300,000 silver taels far exceeded that of any other of the Qianlong Emperor's daughters. Gurun Princess Hexiao and Fengšen Yendehe had a son, who was born sometime between 1794 and 1796, but died young in 1798.
In 1799, shortly after the Qianlong Emperor's death, Gurun Princess Hexiao's father-in-law, Heshen, was arrested on charges of corruption and political incompetence. Found guilty, Heshen was initially sentenced to death by slow slicing. However, the Jiaqing Emperor, who succeeded the Qianlong Emperor, permitted Heshen to commit suicide in his own residence out of respect for his tenth sister. Heshen's immense wealth, amassed over a long career of corrupt activities, were confiscated. The Jiaqing Emperor granted amnesty to Gurun Princess Hexiao and even granted her part of Heshen's confiscated property. Fengšen Yendehe, on the other hand, was stripped of his privileges and titles but remained similarly unharmed.
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