Gufo radar
Gufo radar antennae at the masthead of the Italian cruiser Scipione Africano
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| Country of origin | Italy |
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| Introduced | 1941 |
| No. built | ±140 |
| Type | Search radar |
| Frequency | 500 MHz |
| PRF | 500 Hz |
| Beamwidth | 6° (horizontal), 12° (vertical) |
| Pulsewidth | 4 μs |
| RPM | 3 |
| Range | 25–80 km (16–50 mi) |
| Power | 10 kW |
| Other Names | EC-3 ter |
The Gufo radar was an Italian naval search radar developed during World War II by the Regio Istituto Elettrotecnico e delle Comunicazioni della Marina (RIEC). Also known as the EC-3 ter, its name is the Italian word for owl.
The first prototypes were designed by navy technicians Ugo Tiberio, Nello Carrara and Alfeo Brandimarte in the period 1936-1937. The project was stalled due to budget cuts until 1941, when interest was soon revived after the Italian navy suffered a series of heavy setbacks in night actions against the radar-equipped units of the Royal Navy, especially the defeat of Matapan.
The first tests were conducted on board the ageing torpedo boat Giacinto Carini in April 1941. The radar sets were produced by the Italian company SAFAR. Only 12 devices had been installed on board Italian warships by 8 September 1943, the day Italy signed an armistice with the Allies. Since the spring of 1943, the Italian high command recommended to switch the radar on only in proximity of enemy forces, after a German advice that the British had radar warning receivers similar to the Metox. The Allies, however, didn't develop such technology until 1944. In spite of this, it's claimed that the crews made a wide use of the Gufo as a search radar, omitting to mention it on the ship's logbook to avoid sanctions.
The radar was used in combat by the light cruiser Scipione Africano on the night of 17 July 1943, while on passage from La Spezia to Taranto, when she detected a flotilla of four British Elco motor torpedo boats five miles ahead in the strait of Messina. One of the motor boats, MTB 316, was destroyed by the cruiser's guns, and another one was seriously damaged. Twelve British seamen lost their lives.
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