Gudang dialect
| Gudang | |
|---|---|
| Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia |
| Ethnicity | Djagaraga |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either: xgd – Gudang yty – Yatay |
| Glottolog |
guda1244 (Gudang)
|
| AIATSIS |
Y191* Gudang, Y232* Yatay |
Gudang or Djagaraga (Pantyinamu/Yatay/Gudang/Kartalaiga and other clans) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is the traditional language of the Gudang people, and is the northernmost language of the Cape York Peninsula. It is closely related to Urradhi (dialects Urradhi, Angkamuthi, Yadhaykenu, Wudhadhi, etc.), its neighbour to the south, and distantly related to its neighbour to the north, the Western-Central Torres Strait Language (Kala Lagaw Ya), from which it borrowed quite a few vocabulary items.
Going by the records of the language recorded in MacGillivray and Brierly, as well as comparing these with their Urradhi and WCL counterparts, the phonology of the language appeared to have been as follows:
vowels : i, ii; e, ee; a, aa; u, uu
i,ii and u,uu had mid variants, thus [e, eː] and [o, oː]. Some Western-Central Torres Strait Language (WCL; see Kala Lagaw Ya) loans probably retained the WCL vowels unchanged. e/ee otherwise appear to have had a similar marginal status as in Urradhi (Crowley 1983:317).
consonants :
labial p, b, m
velar k, g, ng
labio-velar kw, w
lamino-dental th, dh, l, nh
lamino-palatal ch, j, ny, y
alveolar t, d, n, rr
retroflex rt, r
The non-sonorant sounds appear to have had voice contrasts, except after nasals, when both voiced and voiceless allophones occurred, with the voiced allophones seemingly more common. While the lamino-dental and alveolar contrast was not marked by the European recorders, the Urradhi and WCL cognates strongly suggest that it existed.
The main differences in phonology between Gudang and the Urradhi dialects appears to be:
(1) Voiced stops existed where Urradhi has voiced fricatives, in part because of WCL loans, thus Urradhi /β/ (v), /ð/ (dh), and /ɣ/ (g)) correspond to Gudang b, dh and g. Note that in ipadha father, Gudang p corresponds to Urradhi /β/ (ivadha), both representing Proto-Paman *piipa, proto Gudang-Urradhi *piipata.
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