Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, which was held between 22 and 26 May 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The Greek national broadcaster Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) announced their selection plans on 30 January 2012 which included lower budgetting cost due to the ongoing debt crisis affecting the country. Among the costs that the broadcaster sought were recording and production of the candidate song. Universal Music Greece were the only label who accepted these terms.

The four competing acts Cassiopeia, Dora, Eleftheria Eleftheriou, and Velvet Fire, were presented on 28 February 2012 through the national broadcasters official Eurovision website, Facebook and Twitter pages. The national final took place on 12 March 2012 at the Athens River West shopping mall. The winning song chosen to represent Greece was "Aphrodisiac" performed by Eleftheria Eleftheriou, which was selected using a combination of jury and televoting. Following the national final, Eleftheriou embarked on a promotional campaign with the majority taking place via the Internet.

On 25 January 2012 at the Semi-Final Allocation draw, Greece were scheduled to compete in the first half of the first semi-final which was scheduled to take place on 22 May 2012. It was at the Running Order draw on 20 March 2012 that Greece were confirmed to perform third during the semi-final. Greece finished in 4th place in the first semi-final with 116 points and qualified to participate in the Grand Final at the Baku Crystal Hall on 26 May 2012. At the aftershow semi-final qualifiers news conference, a running order draw took place for the ten qualifiers to determine were each country would perform during the grand final. Eleftheriou randomly selected 16th position and was to perform after Denmark and before Sweden. Greece achieved 64 points from a combined jury and televote finishing in 17th place.

Prior to the 2012 contest, Greece had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest thirty-two times since its first entry in 1974, winning it in 2005 with the song "My Number One" performed by Elena Paparizou, and having placed third three times: in 2001 with the song "Die for You" performed by the duo Antique; in 2004 with "Shake It" performed by Sakis Rouvas; and in 2008 with "Secret Combination" performed by Kalomoira. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004 contest, Greece has had a top ten placing each year. Its least successful result was in 1998 when it placed twentieth with the song "Mia Krifi Evesthisia" by Thalassa, receiving only twelve points in total, all from Cyprus.

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