Greco–Turkish War of 1897

Greco-Turkish War (1897)
Part of the
Painting of the Battle of Velestino
Date 18 April – 20 May 1897 (1 month and 2 days) Location Mainland Greece, mainly Epirus, Thessaly and Crete Result Ottoman military victory, small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire Greek diplomatic victory (autonomy for Crete) through the intervention of the Great Powers of Europe Treaty of Constantinople
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire	Greece
Commanders and leaders
Abdul Hamid II Edhem Pasha Ahmed Hifzi Pasha Hasan Rami Pasha Hasan Tahsin Pasha	Crown Prince Constantine Konstantinos Sapountzakis
Strength
120,000 infantry 1,300 cavalry 210 guns	75,000 infantry 500 cavalry 136 guns
Casualties and losses
1,300 killed 2,697 wounded	600 killed

Ottoman military victory, small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire
Greek diplomatic victory (autonomy for Crete) through the intervention of the Great Powers of Europe

The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War and known in Greece as the Black '97 (Greek: Μαύρο '97, Mauro '97) or the Unfortunate War (Ατυχής πόλεμος, Atychis polemos) (Turkish: 1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Savaşı or 1897 Türk-Yunan Savaşı), was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire. Its immediate cause was the question over the status of the Ottoman province of Crete, whose Greek majority long desired union with Greece. Despite the Ottoman victory on the field, an autonomous Cretan State under Ottoman suzerainty was established the following year (as a result of the intervention of the Great Powers after the war), with Prince George of Greece and Denmark as its first High Commissioner.

This was the first war effort in which the military and political personnel of Greece were put to test since the Greek War of Independence in 1821. For the Ottoman Empire, this was also the first war effort in which the reorganized military personnel were put to test. The Ottoman army was under the guidance of a German military mission led by Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, who had reorganized it after the defeat in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

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