Grand Duchy of Transylvania
| (Grand) Principality of Transylvania | ||||||||||
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(Groß)Fürstentum Siebenbürgen (de) Erdélyi (Nagy)Fejedelemség (hu) (Marele) Principat al Transilvaniei (ro) |
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 Grand Principality of Transylvania, 1859
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| Capital | Hermannstadt (Nagyszeben, Sibiu) 1711–1791, 1848–1861 Klausenburg (Kolozsvár, Cluj) 1791–1848, 1861–1867 |
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| Languages | German, Hungarian, Romanian | |||||||||
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| Government | Not specified | |||||||||
| Monarch | ||||||||||
| • | 1711–1740 | Charles III (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1848-1867 | Franz Joseph I (last) | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Rákóczi's Revolt crushed | 1711 | ||||||||
| • | Immigration of Transylvanian Landler | 1734–1756 | ||||||||
| • | Revolt of Horea | 1784 | ||||||||
| • | Hungarian Revolution | 1848 | ||||||||
| • | Incorporated into Hungary | 1867 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Romania
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| Warning: Value not specified for "" | ||||||||||
The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 Grand Principality of Transylvania, was an Austrian crownland and realm of the Hungarian Crown ruled by the Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs of the Habsburg Monarchy (later Austrian Empire). During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian government proclaimed union with Transylvania in the April Laws of 1848 (after the Transylvanian Diet's confirmation on 30 May and the king's approval on 10 June that Transylvania again become an integral part of Hungary, an initiative rejected by the Romanians and Saxons who formed the majority population of Transylvania). After the failure of the revolution, the March Constitution of Austria decreed that the Principality of Transylvania be a separate crown land entirely independent of Hungary. In 1867, as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, the principality was reunited with Hungary proper.
In the Great Turkish War the Habsburg Emperor Leopold I had occupied the vassal Ottoman Principality of Transylvania and forced Prince Michael I Apafi to acknowledge his overlordship in his capacity as King of Hungary. Upon his death in 1690, Emperor Leopoeld decreed the Diploma Leopoldinum, which affiliated the Transylvanian territory with the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1697 Michael's son and heir Prince Michael II Apafi finally renounced Transylvania in favour of Leopold; the transfer to the Habsburg lands was confirmed by the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire.
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Wikipedia