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Gondwanian

Gondwana
Laurasia-Gondwana.svg
Map of Pangaea with Laurasia and Gondwana. 200 mya
Historical continent
Formed 600 Mya
Type Geological supercontinent
Today part of Africa
North America
South America
Australia
India
Arabia
Antarctica
Balkans
Smaller continents Atlantica
India
Australia
Antarctica
Zealandia
Tectonic plate African Plate
Antarctic Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
South American Plate

In paleogeography, Gondwana ( /ɡɒndˈwɑːnə/), also Gondwanaland, is the name given to an ancient supercontinent. It is believed to have sutured about 600 to 530 million years ago, joining East Gondwana to West Gondwana. Gondwana formed prior to Pangaea, and later became part of it.

Around 335 to 250 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia joined together to form the supercontinent Pangaea, which existed until approximately 215 to 175 million years ago. Gondwana then separated from Laurasia (the mid-Mesozoic era) in the breakup of Pangaea, drifting farther south after the split. Gondwana itself then also broke apart.

Gondwana included most of the landmasses in today's Southern Hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, and the Australian continent, as well as the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.


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