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Gluconate

D-Gluconic acid
Skeletal formula of gluconic acid
Ball-and-stick model of gluconic acid
Names
IUPAC name
D-Gluconic acid
Other names
Dextronic acid
Identifiers
526-95-4 YesY
133-42-6 (racemate) N
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:33198 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL464345 YesY
ChemSpider 10240 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.639
EC Number 208-401-4
E number E574 (acidity regulators, ...)
PubChem 10690
Properties
C6H12O7
Molar mass 196.16 g/mol
Appearance Colorless crystals
Melting point 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
Good
Acidity (pKa) 3.86
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.

In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.

The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain with five hydroxyl groups terminating in a carboxylic acid group. In aqueous solution, gluconic acid exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.

Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine. As a food additive (E574), it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution. The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+, Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals. In 1929 Horace Terhune Herrick developed a process for producing the salt by fermentation.


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