Glibenclamide
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| Trade names | see below |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| MedlinePlus | a684058 |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
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| Protein binding | Extensive |
| Metabolism | Hepatic hydroxylation (CYP2C9-mediated) |
| Biological half-life | 10 hours |
| Excretion | Renal and biliary |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.505 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C23H28ClN3O5S |
| Molar mass | 494.004 g/mol |
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Glibenclamide (AAN, BAN, INN), also known as glyburide (USAN), is an antidiabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas, closely related to sulfonamide antibiotics. It was developed in 1966 in a cooperative study between Boehringer Mannheim (now part of Roche) and Hoechst (now part of Sanofi-Aventis).
It is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. As of 2003, in the United States, it was the most popular sulfonylurea.
It is not as good as either metformin or insulin in those who have gestational diabetes.
This drug is a major cause of drug-induced hypoglycemia. The risk is greater than with other sulfonylureas. Cholestatic jaundice is noted.
Glibenclamide may be not recommended in those with G6PD deficiency, as it may cause acute haemolysis.
Recently published data suggest glibenclamide is associated with significantly higher annual mortality when combined with metformin than other insulin-secreting medications, after correcting for other potentially confounding patient characteristics. The safety of this combination has been questioned.
The drug works by binding to and inhibiting the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) inhibitory regulatory subunit sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) in pancreatic beta cells. This inhibition causes cell membrane depolarization, opening voltage-dependent calcium channels. This results in an increase in intracellular calcium in the beta cell and subsequent stimulation of insulin release.
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Wikipedia