Giovanni Pamphili
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Pope Innocent X |
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| Bishop of Rome | |
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| Papacy began | 15 September 1644 |
| Papacy ended | 7 January 1655 |
| Predecessor | Urban VIII |
| Successor | Alexander VII |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 25 January 1626 by Laudivio Zacchia |
| Created Cardinal | 19 November 1629 by Urban VIII |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Giovanni Battista Pamphilj or Pamphili |
| Born |
6 May 1574 Rome, Papal States |
| Died | 7 January 1655 (aged 80) Rome, Papal States |
| Previous post |
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| Motto | Allevitæ sunt aquæ super terram ("The Waters are Lifted Above the Earth") |
| Coat of arms |  |
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Papal styles of Pope Innocent X |
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| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | None |
Pope Innocent X (Latin: Innocentius X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was Pope from 15 September 1644 to his death in 1655.
Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, he graduated from the Collegio Romano and followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle Girolamo Pamphilj as auditor of the Rota, and like him, attaining the dignity of Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Eusebio, in 1629.
Trained as a lawyer, he succeeded Pope Urban VIII (1623–44) on 15 September 1644, as one of the most politically shrewd pontiffs of the era, who greatly increased the temporal power of the Holy See.
Giovanni Battista Pamphili was born in Rome on 5 May 1574, the son of Camillo Pamphili, of the Roman Pamphili family. The family, originally from Gubbio, was directly descended from Pope Alexander VI.
In 1594 he graduated from the Collegio Romano and followed a conventional cursus honorum. He served as a Consistorial lawyer in 1601, and in 1604 succeeded his uncle, Cardinal Girolamo Pamphilj, as auditor of the Roman Rota, the ecclesiastical appellate tribunal. He was also a canonist of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, a second tribunal.
In 1623 Pope Gregory XV sent him as nuncio to the court of the Kingdom of Naples. In 1625 Urban VIII sent him to accompany his nephew, Francesco Barberini, whom he had accredited as nuncio, first to France and then Spain. In January 1626 Pamphili was appointed titular Latin Patriarch of Antioch.
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