Giovanni Gentile
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The Honourable Giovanni Gentile |
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| President of the Royal Academy of Italy | |
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In office 25 July 1943 – 15 April 1944 |
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| Monarch | Victor Emmanue III |
| Preceded by | Luigi Federzoni |
| Succeeded by | Giotto Dainelli Dolfi |
| Minister of Public Education | |
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In office 31 October 1922 – 1 July 1924 |
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| Prime Minister | Benito Mussolini |
| Preceded by | Antonino Anile |
| Succeeded by | Alessandro Casati |
| Member of the Italian Senate | |
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In office 11 June 1921 – 5 August 1943 |
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| Monarch | Victor Emmanue III |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
30 May 1875 Castelvetrano, Italy |
| Died | 15 April 1944 (aged 68) Florence, RSI |
| Political party |
National Fascist Party (1923–1943) |
| Spouse(s) | Erminia Nudi (m. 1901; his death 1944) |
| Children | Teresa Federico Gaetano Giovanni Benedetto Fortunato |
| Education | Scuola Normale Superiore |
| Alma mater | University of Florence |
| Profession | Teacher, philosopher, politician |
| Religion | None (Spiritualism) |
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Philosophy career |
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| Notable work | |
| Era | 20th century |
| Region | Western Philosophers |
| School | Idealism, Metaphysics |
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Main interests
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Immanentism, Dialectic, Pedagogy |
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Notable ideas
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Actual Idealism, Fascism, method of immanence |
Giovanni Gentile (Italian: [dʒoˈvanni dʒenˈtiːle]; 30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician, and a peer of Benedetto Croce. The self-styled "philosopher of Fascism", he was influential in providing an intellectual foundation for Italian Fascist thought, and ghostwrote part of The Doctrine of Fascism (1932) with Benito Mussolini. He was involved in the resurgence of Hegelian idealism in Italian philosophy and also devised his own system of thought, which he called "actual idealism" or "actualism", and which has been described as "the subjective extreme of the idealist tradition".
Giovanni Gentile was born in Castelvetrano, Sicily. He was inspired by Italian intellectuals such as Mazzini, Rosmini, Gioberti, and Spaventa from whom he borrowed the idea of autoctisi, "self-construction", but also was strongly influenced by the German idealist and materialist schools of thought — namely Karl Marx, Hegel, and Fichte, with whom he shared the ideal of creating a Wissenschaftslehre, a theory for a structure of knowledge that makes no assumptions. Friedrich Nietzsche, too, influenced him, as seen in an analogy between Nietzsche's Übermensch and Gentile's Uomo Fascista. In Religione he presents himself as a Catholic (of sorts), and emphasises actual idealism's Christian heritage, Antonio G. Pesce insists that 'there is in fact no doubt that Gentile was a Catholic', but he occasionally identifies himself as an atheist, albeit one who is still culturally a Catholic.
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