Gintonin

Gintonin is a glycolipoprotein fraction isolated from ginseng. The non-saponin ingredient was designated as gintonin, where gin was derived from ginseng, ton from the tonic effects of ginseng, and in from protein. The main component of gintonin is a complex of lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) and ginseng proteins such as Ginseng major latex-like protein151 (GLP151) and ginseng ribonuclease-like storage protein.

GLP151 is a first plant-derived LPA binding protein as one of Bet v 1 superfamily. GLP151 has a LPA binding domain on H147 and H148 at C-terminal. These two histidine residues bind to phosphate group of LPA and deliver LPA to its cognate receptors to elicit cellular effects such as [Ca²⁺]i transient and morphological changes.

Lysophospholipid receptors are the high affinity and selective target receptor of gintonin. Gintonin induces [Ca²⁺]i transient in animal cells. Gintonin also shows in vivo anti-Alzheimer's disease through LPA receptor-mediated non-amyloidogenic pathway and boosting of hippocampal cholinergic system, hippocampal neurogenesis and in vivo anti-metastatic effect by inhibition of autotaxin activity.

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