Geronimo Campaign

Apache Wars
Part of the Texas–Indian wars
Geronimo and his warriors at camp on March 27, 1886
Date 1849–1924 Location Southwest United States Result United States victory, Apaches moved to reservations
Belligerents
United States (1849-1924)  Confederate States (1861-1865)	Apacheria: Chiricahua Apache Jicarilla Apache Mescalero Apache Lipan Apache Western Apache Plains Apache Apache Allies: Ute Yavapai Comanche Cheyenne Kiowa Havasupai Hopi Navajos Papagos Walapai Yuma Mohave
Commanders and leaders
John Davidson James Henry Carleton Kit Carson Philip St. George Cooke John G. Walker Granville Henderson Oury Thomas J. Mastin† George Crook George Jordan Eugene Asa Carr Philip Sheridan Andrew Evans Nelson A. Miles Henry Lawton James W. Watson	Flechas Rayada Chacon Black Knife† Mangas Coloradas† Iron Shirt† Cochise Francisco Juh Delshay Victorio† Nanni Chaddi† Na tio tish† Geronimo Chatto Apache Kid Massai Little Wolf (Mescalero) Te-He-Nan† Nana† Saguaro Coronado† Santos Red Dog

Apacheria:

Apache Allies:

The Apache Wars were a series of armed conflicts between the United States Army and various Apache nations fought in the southwest between 1849 and 1886, though minor hostilities continued until as late as 1924. The United States inherited conflicts between settlers and Apache groups when Mexico ceded territory in after the Mexican–American War in 1846. These conflicts continued as new United States citizens came into traditional Apache lands to raise livestock, crops and to mine minerals.

The United States Army established forts to control the Apache bands. Several reservations were created, some on and some out of the traditional areas occupied by the bands. In 1886 the US Army put over 5000 men in the field to wear down and finally accept the surrender of Geronimo and 30 of his followers. This is generally considered the end of the Apache Wars, although conflicts continued between citizens and Apaches. The Confederate Army briefly participated in the wars during the early 1860s in Texas, before being diverted to action in the American Civil War in New Mexico and Arizona.

Historically, the Apache had raided enemy tribes and sometimes each other, for livestock, food or captives. They considered such raids different than warfare. They raided with small parties, for a specific purpose. While the Apache sometimes waged war with large armies, using all tribal male members of warrior age, by the 1880s such methods of warfare were ended as most of the Apache bands had agreed to a negotiated settlement with the US government. However, other sub-nations of the Apache, usually clans or specialized warrior societies, continued their warfare. In turn, this limited potential negotiated solutions as American responses failed to distinguish between Apache raiding parties and other groups. Consequently, American responses were sometimes heavy-handed, resulting in an escalation of the situation as other Apache were drawn into the conflict.

The first conflicts between the Apache (who call themselves T`Inde, Inde, N`dee, N`ne, meaning the "people") and other people in the Southwest date to the earliest Spanish settlements, but the specific set of conflicts now known as the Apache Wars began during the Mexican-American War. The first United States Army campaigns specifically against the Apache began in 1849 and the last major battle ended with the surrender of Geronimo in 1886.

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Wikipedia