German submarine U-77 (1940)

History
Nazi Germany
Name:	U-77
Ordered:	25 January 1939
Builder:	Bremer Vulkan, Bremen-Vegesack
Yard number:	5
Laid down:	28 March 1940
Launched:	23 November 1940
Commissioned:	18 January 1941
Fate:	Scuttled, 29 March 1943, off Calpe, Spain
General characteristics
Class and type:	Type VIIC
Displacement:	769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length:	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in) o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in) pressure hull
Beam:	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height:	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught:	4.72 m (15 ft 6 in)
Installed power:	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion:	2 shafts 2 × diesel engines 2 × electric motors
Range:	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth:	230 m (750 ft) Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement:	44-52 officers and ratings
Armament:	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines 1 × 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) various AA guns
Service record
Part of:	Kriegsmarine: 7th U-boat Flotilla 23rd U-boat Flotilla 29th U-boat Flotilla
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Schonder 18 January 1941 – 2 September 1942 Oblt.z.S. Otto Hartman 2 September 1942 – 28 March 1943
Operations:	Eleven: 1st patrol: 29 May – 7 July 1941 2nd patrol: 2 August – 10 September 1941 3rd patrol: 11 October – 13 November 1941 4th patrol: 10–19 December 1941 5th patrol: 28 March – 3 April 1942 6th patrol: a. 6–17 June 1942 b. 23 June – 9 July 1942 7th patrol: 16 July – 21 August 1942 8th patrol: 12 October – 1 November 1942 9th patrol: 3 November – 5 December 1942 10th patrol: 26 January – 10 February 1943 11th patrol: 3–28 March 1943
Victories:	14 commercial ships sunk (31,186 GRT); one warship sunk – 1,050 tons; two ships damaged - 5,384 GRT; two warships damaged – 2,880 tons; one ship a total loss

German submarine U-77 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built by the Bremer Vulkan-Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack. Her keel was laid down on 28 March 1940, by Bremer Vulkan of Bremen-Vegesack, Germany as yard number 5. She was launched on 23 November 1940 and commissioned on 18 January 1941, with Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich Schonder in command until September 1942, when he was succeeded by Oblt.z.S. Otto Hartmann, who remained in charge until the U-boat's loss.

The boat was scuttled on 29 March 1943 off Calpe, Spain, after receiving heavy damage by two British aircraft.

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-77 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).

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