Gastroduodenal artery

Gastroduodenal artery
The celiac artery and its branches.
Branches of the celiac artery. The gastroduodenal artery appears on the right part of the figure and overlays/is anterior to the portal vein. The stomach is raised and inverted - compare with celiac artery branches - stomach in situ.
Details
Source	common hepatic artery
Branches	Supraduodenal artery, right gastroepiploic artery, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Supplies	pylorus, proximal duodenum
Identifiers
Latin	arteria gastroduodenalis
TA	A12.2.12.016
FMA	14775
Anatomical terminology []

In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries).

The gastroduodenal artery most commonly arises from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk, but there are numerous variations of the origin. It first gives rise to the supraduodenal artery, followed by the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It terminates in a bifurcation when it splits into the right gastroepiploic artery and the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery). These branches form functional anastomoses with the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries from the superior mesenteric artery. Note that the exact branching of vessels from the gastroduoenal artery is variable. Typically, the posterior and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries branch independently in that order, but can rarely come off a common trunk.

The gastroduodenal artery can be the source of a significant gastrointestinal bleed, which may arise as a complication of peptic ulcer disease. Because of its close relationship to the posteromedial wall of the second part of the duodenum, deeply penetrating ulcers or tumours of the duodenum may cause torrential bleeding from the gastroduodenal ‘artery of haemorrhage', not least because of the profuse arterial network in the region ensures a high flow rate in the vessel.