GLONASS-K
Model of Glonass-K satellite at CeBIT 2011
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| Manufacturer | ISS Reshetnev | ||
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| Country of origin |
 Russia
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| Operator | JSC «Navigation-Information systems» | ||
| Applications | Navigation | ||
| Specifications | |||
| Bus | Ekspress-1000K | ||
| Design life | 10 years | ||
| Launch mass | 935 kilograms (2,061 lb) | ||
| Power | 1.6 kW | ||
| Batteries | NiH2 | ||
| Equipment | FDMA signals: L1OF, L1SF, L2OF and L2SF CDMA signals: L3OC |
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| Regime | MEO | ||
| Production | |||
| Status | In Production | ||
| Built | 2 | ||
| On order | 13 | ||
| Launched | 2 | ||
| Operational | 2 | ||
| First launch | 26 February 2011 | ||
| Last launch | 30 November 2014 | ||
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GLONASS-K is the latest satellite design intended as a part of the Russian GLONASS radio-based satellite navigation system. Developed by ISS Reshetnev (Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems) and first launched on 26 February 2011, it is a substantial improvement of the previous GLONASS-M second-generation satellites, having a longer lifespan and better accuracy.
The Federal Targeted Program "Global Navigation System" 2002–2011, introduced in 2001, stipulated the development of a third-generation navigation satellite design, called GLONASS-K, as part of the overall GLONASS upgrade program in the time frame 2005–2011. The new satellite followed the second generation GLONASS-M, introduced in 2003. The Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) initially ordered 27 GLONASS-K satellites from ISS Reshetnev, the developer of all the previous GLONASS satellites. On 7 December 2010, the company announced it had completed ground tests of the first GLONASS-K satellite. The satellite was launched to orbit on 26 February 2011. On November 30, 2014, the second and supposedly last GLONASS-K1 development satellite was put to orbit as Kosmos 2501.
On a May 28, 2014, interview, Nikolay Testoyedov — president of ISS Reshetnev — stated that production of GLONASS-M would end in 2015, with GLONASS-K being exclusively produced after that final batch. In an December 14, 2014, interview with GPS World, he stated that because of Western sanctions that limited the supply of radiation resistant electronics, they had decided to launch nine additional GLONASS-K1 as fleet replacement while they finished the GLONASS-K2 design. In a May 2015 presentation, Mr. Testoyedov expected the serial production of GLONASS-K1 to start flying in early 2018, just after the launch of the first GLONASS-K2 prototype. The presentation showed at least eleven additional GLONASS-K1 satellites flying until 2020.
GLONASS-K is the first unpressurised GLONASS satellite—all of its equipments are able to operate in a vacuum. Due to this, the satellite's mass has been substantially reduced: GLONASS-K has a mass of just 935 kg compared to its predecessor GLONASS-M, which had a mass of 1,450 kg. The new satellite has an operational lifetime of 10 years, three years longer than that of GLONASS-M and seven years longer than the lifetime of the original GLONASS satellite. It also increased the power supply from GLONASS-M's 1,400 W to 1,600 W.
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