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Gábor Bethlen

Gabriel Bethlen
Gabor Bethlen-Hungary National Musem.jpg
Gabriel Bethlen.
King of Hungary
Reign 25 August 1620 – 31 December 1621
Coronation Never crowned
(anti-king)
Predecessor Matthias II
Successor Ferdinand II
Prince of Transylvania
Reign October 1613 – 15 November 1629
Predecessor Gabriel I
Successor Catherine I
Duke of Opole
Reign 1622 – 1625
Predecessor Sigismund Báthory
Successor Władysław Vasa
Born 15 November 1580
Marosillye, Principality of Transylvania, (now Ilia, Hunedoara, Romania)
Died 25 November 1629
Gyulafehérvár, Principality of Transylvania (now Alba Iulia, Romania)
Spouse Catherine of Brandenburg
Full name
Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár
Family Bethlen
Religion Calvinism
Full name
Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár

Gabriel Bethlen (Hungarian: Bethlen Gábor; 15 November 1580 – 25 November 1629) was Prince of Transylvania from 1613 to 1629) and Duke of Opole from 1622 to 1625. He was also King-elect of Hungary from 1620 to 1621, but he never took control of the whole kingdom.

Gabriel was the elder of the two sons of Farkas Bethlen and Druzsiána Lázár. Gabriel was born in his father's estate, Marosillye (now Ilia in Romania), on 15 November 1580. Farkas Bethlen was a Hungarian nobleman who lost his ancestral estate, Iktár (now Ictar-Budinț in Romania), due to the Ottoman occupation of the central territories of the Kingdom of Hungary.Stephen Báthory, Prince of Transylvania, granted Marosillye to him and made him captain-general of the principality. Druzsiána Lázár was descended from a Székely noble family. Both Farkas Bethlen and his wife died in 1591, leaving their two sons, Gabriel and Stephen, orphaned.

The brothers were put under the guardianship of their maternal uncle, András Lázár. They lived in the Lázár Castle in Szárhegy in Székely Land (now Lăzarea in Romania) for years. Gabriel's court historian, Gáspár Bojti Veres, described Lázár as a "grumpy and fierce" soldier who did not care much about their formal education. T

According Gabriel's first extant letter (from 1593), Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania, seized the brothers' estates "at the word of many coaxing people" without paying a compensation to them in 1591 or 1592, but a "few primary kinsmen" convinced the prince to offer restitution or other landed property to them. Gabriel also mentioned in the letter that he decided to visit the prince's court in Gyulafehérvár (now Alba Iulia in Romania).


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