Frits Bolkestein
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His Excellency Frits Bolkestein |
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Frits Bolkestein in 2011
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| European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services | |
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In office 15 September 1999 – 22 November 2004 |
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| President | Romano Prodi |
| Preceded by | Mario Monti |
| Succeeded by | Charlie McCreevy |
| Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | |
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In office 1 May 1990 – 30 July 1998 |
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| Preceded by | Joris Voorhoeve |
| Succeeded by | Hans Dijkstal |
| Parliamentary leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands | |
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In office 1 May 1990 – 30 July 1998 |
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| Preceded by | Joris Voorhoeve |
| Succeeded by | Hans Dijkstal |
| Minister of Defence of the Netherlands | |
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In office 24 September 1988 – 7 November 1989 |
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| Prime Minister | Ruud Lubbers |
| Preceded by | Piet Bukman |
| Succeeded by | Relus ter Beek |
| Undersecretary for Foreign Trade | |
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In office 5 November 1982 – 14 July 1986 |
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| Prime Minister | Ruud Lubbers |
| Preceded by | Wim Dik |
| Succeeded by | Enneüs Heerma |
| Member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands | |
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In office 14 September 1989 – 21 September 1999 |
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In office 3 June 1986 – 24 September 1988 |
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In office 16 January 1978 – 5 November 1982 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
Frederik Bolkestein 4 April 1933 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Political party | VVD (from 1975) |
| Spouse(s) | Femke Boersma |
| Children | 3 children and 1 stepchild |
| Residence | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Alma mater |
Oregon State University University of Amsterdam London School of Economics Leiden University |
| Occupation |
Politician Corporate director Historian Author Professor |
| Website | Official site |
Frederik "Frits" Bolkestein (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfreːdərɪk frɪdz ˈbɔlkəstɛi̯n]; born 4 April 1933) is a Dutch retired politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
Bolkestein a corporate director by occupation, was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the Dutch general election of 1977 taking office on 16 January 1978. He served as Undersecretary for Foreign Trade from 5 November 1982, until 14 July 1986, in the Cabinet Lubbers I. And again a Member of the House of Representatives from 3 June 1986, until 24 September 1988, when he became Minister of Defence from 24 September 1988, until 7 November 1989, in the Cabinet Lubbers II. He again returned to the House of Representatives on 14 September 1989, and nine months later on 1 May 1990, he became the Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives and the Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy. He served in this position for eight years until 30 July 1998.
From 15 September 1999, until 22 November 2004, he was the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services. In the European Commission, Bolkestein was responsible for internal market taxation and customs union issues. Some of the more politically sensitive items in his portfolio were the draft community patent regulation and the draft directives on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions and services in the internal market, the so-called "Bolkestein Directive", which has become the focus of heated debate.
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