Frederick V, the Winter King
| Frederick V | |
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Frederick wearing the Crown of Saint Wenceslas, other Bohemian regalia and the collar of the Order of the Garter. On the table is the Cap representing his separate office as Elector Palatine. Painted by Gerrit von Honthorst in 1634.
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| Elector Palatine | |
| Reign | 19 September 1610 – 23 February 1623 |
| Predecessor | Frederick IV |
| Successor | Charles I Louis |
| King of Bohemia | |
| Reign | 26 August 1619 – 8 November 1620 |
| Coronation | 4 November 1619 |
| Born |
26 August 1596 Deinschwang, near Amberg, Upper Palatinate |
| Died | 29 November 1632 (aged 36) Mainz |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Stuart |
| Issue more... |
Frederick Henry, Electoral Prince Palatine Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine Elisabeth, Abbess of Herford Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland Prince Maurice Princess Louise Marie Prince Edward Prince Philip Princess Charlotte Sophia, Electress of Hanover Prince Gustavus |
| House | Palatine Simmern |
| Father | Frederick IV, Elector Palatine |
| Mother | Princes Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau |
Frederick V (German: Friedrich V.; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was, as the son and heir of Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, the Elector of the Rhine Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire upon his father's death in 1610. In 1619 the Protestant estates of Bohemia rebelled against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and offered the crown of Bohemia to Frederick as an influential member of the Protestant Union, an organization founded by his father for the protection of Protestants in the Empire. After accepting the crown as Frederick I (Czech: Fridrich Falcký; the adjective means "of Oberpfalz" or "of the Upper Palatinate"), he was abandoned by his allies in the Union and his brief reign as the King of Bohemia ended with his defeat at the Battle of White Mountain – only two months after his coronation – and earned him the derisive nickname of 'the Winter King' (Czech: Zimní král; German: Winterkönig). This defeat was followed by an Imperial invasion of Frederick's Palatinate lands and he was forced to flee to Holland in 1622, being formally deprived of them in 1623 by Imperial edict. He lived the rest of his life in exile with his wife and family at the Hague.
Frederick was born at the Jagdschloss Deinschwang (a hunting lodge) near Amberg in the Upper Palatinate. He was the son of Frederick IV and of Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau, the daughter of William the Silent and Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier. An intellectual, a mystic, and a Calvinist, he succeeded his father as Prince-Elector of the Rhenish Palatinate in 1610. He was responsible for the construction of the famous Hortus Palatinus gardens in Heidelberg.
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