Francs Archers
| francs-archers | |
|---|---|
King Charles VII creates the francs-archers. Portrayal in the 1484 manuscript Vigiles du roi Charles VII
|
|
| Active | 28 April 1448 – 1481 1485 – 1535 |
| Country |
 Kingdom of France
|
| Allegiance | Royal |
| Type | Light infantry |
| Role | Militia |
| Size | 24,000 (1522) |
| Nickname(s) | Francs-taupins |
| Engagements |
War of the Public Weal Mad War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Marshal Joachim Rouault Marshal Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes |
War of the Public Weal
War of the Burgundian Succession
Mad War
War of the League of Cambrai
The francs-archers ("free archers") militia were the first attempt at the formation of regular infantry in France. They were created by the ordonnance of Montil-lès-Tours on 28 April 1448, which prescribed that in each parish an archer should be chosen from among the most apt in the use of arms; who was to be exempt from the taille and certain obligations, to practise shooting with the bow on Sundays and feast-days, and to hold himself ready to march fully equipped at the first signal. Under Charles VII the francs-archers distinguished themselves in numerous battles with the English, and assisted the king in driving them from France.
The Francs-archers deficient combat performance, indiscipline and unreliability led Louis XI in 1480 to train a professional army under Marshal Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes and abolish the militia a year later, ordering their equipment to be put in store in the parishes. The cost of this permanent force was too great for the kingdom's finances, with the standing army being disbanded in 1483–1484 after Louis XI's death. In 1485 the franc-archer system was re-established and they were employed again in the Flanders campaign of the Mad War under Esquerdes.
During the Italian Wars, the francs-archers were primarily used for frontier defense. In May 1513 Louis XII raised 22,000 of them for such a purpose. They occasionally served in the field during campaigns such as in 1522 and 1523. They were levied for the last time after the French defeat at Pavia. The francs-archers were definitively disbanded in 1535.
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Wikipedia