Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes
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His Excellency Francisco Craveiro Lopes |
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| 12th President of Portugal | |
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In office 9 August 1951 – 9 August 1958 |
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| Prime Minister | António de Oliveira Salazar |
| Preceded by | Óscar Carmona |
| Succeeded by | Américo Tomás |
| Acting Governor-General of the Portuguese India | |
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In office 1936–1938 |
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| President | Óscar Carmona |
| Preceded by | João Carlos Craveiro Lopes |
| Succeeded by | José Ricardo Pereira Cabral |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes 12 April 1894 Lisbon, Portugal |
| Died | 2 September 1964 (aged 70) Lisbon, Portugal |
| Political party | National Union |
| Spouse(s) | Berta Ribeiro Artur |
| Children | João Carlos Nuno Manuel Maria João |
| Profession | Air force officer |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Awards |
Order of Christ Order of Aviz Order of the Tower and Sword Order of the Bath Royal Victorian Chain |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | Portuguese Air Force |
| Years of service | 1911–1964 |
| Rank | Marshal of the air force |
Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku iˈʒinu kɾɐˈvɐjɾu ˈlɔpɨʃ]), GCTE, ComC, GCA, (12 April 1894 – 2 September 1964) was a Portuguese politician and military man. Decorated with the Order of the Bath and the Royal Victorian Chain, he was the 12th President of the Portuguese Republic between 1951 and 1958.
Born in Lisbon, he was a son of João Carlos Craveiro Lopes, Portuguese army general and 122nd Governor-General of Portuguese India (1929–1936) and his wife Júlia Clotilde Cristiano Salinas.
He concluded his Colégio Militar studies by 1911, having then entered the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa, in the same year he joined a cavalry regiment. He succeeded his father as the 123rd General Governor of Portuguese India (1936–1938).
Salazar chose him as the regime's presidential candidate in 1951 to succeed the late Óscar Carmona. As the electoral system was heavily rigged in favour of Salazar's National Union, this made Craveiro Lopes' election a foregone conclusion.
However, he was not content to be a mere puppet, as Carmona had been. As a result, Salazar picked the seemingly more pliant Américo Tomás as the regime's candidate in 1958. The Democratic Opposition then invited Craveiro Lopes to be their candidate, but he knew he stood no chance of winning and refused. The regime, however, as compensation promoted him to Marshal. He was involved in the failed military attempt to overthrow Salazar, in 1961, led by the Defence Minister, general Júlio Botelho Moniz.
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