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Francis Joseph of Austria

Franz Joseph I
Franz joseph1.jpg
Emperor Franz Joseph I
(by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1865)
Reign 2 December 1848 – 21 November 1916
Coronation 8 June 1867, Budapest
Predecessor Ferdinand I & V
Successor Charles I & IV
King of Lombardy–Venetia
Reign 2 December 1848 – 12 October 1866
Predecessor Ferdinand I
Head of the Präsidialmacht Austria
In office 1 May 1850 – 24 August 1866
Predecessor Ferdinand I
Born (1830-08-18)18 August 1830
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna,  Austrian Empire
(now Austria)
Died 21 November 1916(1916-11-21) (aged 86)
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna,  Austria-Hungary
(now Austria)
Burial Imperial Crypt, Vienna
Spouse Elisabeth of Bavaria
Issue
House Habsburg-Lorraine
Father Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
Mother Princess Sophie of Bavaria
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature
Monarchical styles of
Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungaria transparency.png
Reference style His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty
Alternative style My Lord
Monarchical styles of
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria (1815).svg
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style My Lord
Monarchical styles of
Ferenc József I of Hungary
Coat of arms of Hungary.svg
Reference style His Apostolic Majesty
Spoken style Your Apostolic Majesty
Alternative style My Lord

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (German: Franz Joseph I., Hungarian: I. Ferenc József, Italian: Francesco Giuseppe, Croatian: Franjo Josip I., Czech: František Josef I, Polish: Franciszek Józef I, Slovene: Franc Jožef I.; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation. He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, as well as the third longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history, after Louis XIV of France and Johann II of Liechtenstein.

In December 1848, Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc as part of Ministerpräsident Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary. This allowed Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne. Largely considered to be a reactionary, Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains. The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy–Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, the Peace of Prague (23 August 1866) settled the German question in favour of Prussia, which prevented the unification of Germany under the House of Habsburg (Großdeutsche Lösung).


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