Franceville, New Hebrides
| Independent Commune of Franceville | ||||||||||
| Commune Indépendante de Franceville | ||||||||||
| Unrecognized state | ||||||||||
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 1905 map of New Hebrides, still showing Franceville as alternative name for Port Vila
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| Capital | Not specified | |||||||||
| Languages | French, Bislama | |||||||||
| Government | Republic | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1889 | Ferdinand Chevillard | ||||||||
| • | 1890? | R. D. Polk | ||||||||
| Deputy (legislator) | Comte Maurice de Nolhac | |||||||||
| Historical era | New Imperialism | |||||||||
| • | Established | August 9, 1889 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | September 1890 | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1889 est. | 540 | ||||||||
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Franceville (present-day Port Vila) was a municipality located on Efate, or Sandwich Island. It was established in 1889 in order to gain basic legal status, during the period when the New Hebrides was a neutral territory under the loose jurisdiction of a joint Anglo-French naval commission.
In 1878, the United Kingdom and France declared all of the New Hebrides to be neutral territory. For the protection of the French and British citizens in New Hebrides, a joint naval commission was established under the Convention of 16 October 1887. However, the convention claimed no jurisdiction over internal native affairs.
The lack of a functional government led to rising discontent among the colonists. The French were especially inconvenienced because French law only recognized marriages when contracted under a civil authority (the nearest one being in New Caledonia), whereas British law recognized marriages conducted by local clergy. On 9 August 1889, Franceville declared itself an independent commune under the leadership of elected mayor/president Ferdinand-Albert Chevillard, and with its own red, white and blue flag with five stars.
This community became one of the first self-governing nations in recorded history to practice universal suffrage without distinction of sex or race. Although the district's population at the time consisted of about 500 natives and fewer than 50 whites, only white males were permitted to hold office. One of its elected presidents was R. D. Polk, a native of Tennessee and relative of James K. Polk.
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