France-ISIL conflict

ISIL-related terror attacks in France refers to the ongoing militant and terrorist activity of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in France, including attacks committed by ISIL-inspired lone wolves. ISIL's activity in France began in December 2014 with three attacks: one at Tours, one at Dijon, and one at Nantes, all happening just two days apart. Following the November 2015 Paris attacks, French President Francois Hollande declared that "France is at war." The French military operation Opération Sentinelle has been ongoing in France since the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks.

Prior to the attacks, the 2005 French riots occurred. They have been controversially interpreted, mostly by the foreign press, as an illustration of the difficulty of integrating Muslims in France, and smaller scale riots have been occurring throughout the 1980s and 1990s, first in Vaulx-en-Velin in 1979, and in Vénissieux in 1981, 1983, 1990 and 1999.

According to The Guardian, eight attacks occurred in France during the eighteen months from January 2015 to July 2016, including the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks (which killed 17 people), the November 2015 Paris attacks (which killed 130), and the July 2016 Nice truck attack (which killed 86). They were motivated by ISIL as retaliation for France's role in both the Syrian Civil War and the Iraq War. Reportedly, ISIL has called on its supporters for a coordinated wave of attacks in European countries.

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