François Mayoux
| François Mayoux | |
|---|---|
François Mayoux c. 1920
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| Born |
24 June 1882 Beaulieu-sur-Sonnette, Charente, France |
| Died | 21 July 1967 (aged 85) La Ciotat, Bouches-du-Rhône, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Teacher |
| Known for | Anarcho-syndicalism |
François Mayoux (24 June 1882 – 21 July 1967) was a French teacher who became in turn a socialist, communist and revolutionary syndicalist. He and his wife Marie Mayoux were imprisoned during World War I (1914–18) for publishing a pacifist pamphlet. He wrote many articles for anarchist journals.
François Mayoux was born on 24 June 1882 in Beaulieu-sur-Sonnette, Charente. He became a teacher, and his partner Marie Mayoux was also a teacher. Marie and Francois taught in Charente, then in Bouches-du-Rhône. They belonged to the Fédération nationale des Syndicats d'institutrices et instituteurs publics.
During World War I (1914–18) the Mayouxes were firm pacifists and hostile to the Union sacrée. They both joined the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO: Section française de l'internationale ouvrière) in 1915. They were placed on Carnet B.
The International Action Committee (CAI: Comité d'action internationale) was founded in December 1915 by French syndicalists who supported the pacifist declarations of the Zimmerwald Conference. In 1916 the CAI merged with the Socialist Minority Committee to form the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations (Comité pour la réprise des rélations internationales). In February 1917 the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations split up. Alphonse Merrheim withdrew to concentrate on union work. Pierre Brizon, Jean Raffin-Dugens and Bourderon joining the SFIO minority led by Jean Longuet. The socialists Fernand Loriot, Charles Rappoport, Louise Saumoneau and François Mayoux took control of the committee.
In 1917 the Mayouxes were condemned to two years in prison and a heavy fine for published a pacifist brochure entitled "The Teachers Union and the War". The teacher and pacifist Madeleine Vernet gave a home to their eldest son. Marie was released on 1 April 1919 after ten months. Francois had to wait to be released until the amnesty shortly before the legislative elections of 14 November 1919. Their licenses to teach were revoked, and would not be reinstated until 1924.
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