Forskolin

Forskolin

Names
IUPAC name (3R,4aR,5S,6S,6aS,10S,10aR,10bS)-6,10,10b-Trihydroxy-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-1-oxo-3-vinyldodecahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromen-5-yl acetate
Identifiers
CAS Number	66428-89-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:42471 Y
ChemSpider	43607 Y
DrugBank	DB02587 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.060.354
IUPHAR/BPS	5190
PubChem CID	47936
UNII	1F7A44V6OU Y
InChI InChI=1S/C22H34O7/c1-8-19(5)11-14(25)22(27)20(6)13(24)9-10-18(3,4)16(20)15(26)17(28-12(2)23)21(22,7)29-19/h8,13,15-17,24,26-27H,1,9-11H2,2-7H3/t13-,15-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+,22-/m0/s1 Y Key: OHCQJHSOBUTRHG-KGGHGJDLSA-N Y InChI=1/C22H34O7/c1-8-19(5)11-14(25)22(27)20(6)13(24)9-10-18(3,4)16(20)15(26)17(28-12(2)23)21(22,7)29-19/h8,13,15-17,24,26-27H,1,9-11H2,2-7H3/t13-,15-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+,22-/m0/s1 Key: OHCQJHSOBUTRHG-KGGHGJDLBB
SMILES CC(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@]([C@H](CCC2(C)C)O)([C@@]3([C@@]1(O[C@@](CC3=O)(C)C=C)C)O)C)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C22H34O7
Molar mass	410.51 g·mol−1
Solubility	Soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform and DMSO
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Forskolin (coleonol) is a labdane diterpene that is produced by the Indian Coleus plant (Plectranthus barbatus). Other names include pashanabhedi, Indian coleus, makandi, HL-362, NKH477, and mao hou qiao rui hua.

Forskolin is commonly used as a tool in biochemistry to raise levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the study and research of cell physiology.

Forskolin activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular levels of cAMP. cAMP is an important second messenger necessary for the proper biological response of cells to hormones and other extracellular signals. It is required for cell communication in the hypothalamus/pituitary gland axis and for the feedback control of hormones. Cyclic AMP acts by activating cAMP-sensitive pathways such as protein kinase A and Epac.

As with other members of the large diterpene family of natural products, forskolin is derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Forskolin contains some unique functional elements, including the presence of a tetrahydropyran-derived heterocyclic ring.

The heterocyclic ring is synthesized after the formation of the trans-fused carbon ring systems formed by a carbocation mediated cyclization. The remaining tertiary carbocation is quenched by a molecule of water. After deprotonation, the remaining hydroxy group is free to form the heterocyclic ring. This cyclization can occur either by attack of the alcohol oxygen onto the allylic carbocation formed by loss of diphosphate, or by an analogous SN2' like displacement of the diphosphate. This forms the core ring system A of forskolin.