Flexatone
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| Percussion | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Percussion |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 112.12 (Frame rattles) |
| Developed | 1922 |
| Timbre | bright, metallic |
| Volume | medium |
| Attack | fast |
| Decay | slow |
| Related instruments | |
| musical saw, water gong | |
| Builders | |
| Playatone | |
The flexatone or fleximetal is a modern percussion instrument (an indirectly struck idiophone) consisting of a small flexible metal sheet suspended in a wire frame ending in a handle. Used in classic cartoons for its glissando effect, its sound is comparable to the musical saw.
An invention for a flexatone occurs in the British Patent Records of 1922 and 1923. In 1924 the 'Flex-a-tone' was patented in the USA by the Playatone Company of New York.
The instrument was first used in 1920s jazz bands as an effect but is now mainly and rarely used in orchestral music.
Wooden knobs mounted on strips of spring steel lie on each side of the metal sheet. The player holds the flexatone in one hand with the palm around the wire frame and the thumb on the free end of the spring steel. The player then shakes the instrument with a trembling movement which causes the beaters to strike the sides of the metal sheet. While shaking the handle, the musician makes a high- or low-pitched sound depending on the curve given to the blade by the pressure from his thumb. A vibrato is thus produced. While the instrument has a very limited dynamic range, volume can be controlled by how vigorously or delicately the player shakes the Flexatone.
An alternate technique involves removing the two wooden knobs and their mounting springs, and then using a small metal rod (e.g., a triangle beater) held in the free hand striking the strip of spring steel. The pitch is altered in the same manner as the previous technique. This method of playing results in a different, more constrained sound.
In contemporary music of the 20th century between around 1920 and 1970 the term "Flexatone" has been used one hand hand for the instrument flexatone, on the other hand for the musical saw. Composers who used it for the musical saw were: Arthur Honegger (Short opera Antigone (Honegger), 1924/1927),Ernst Krenek (opera Jonny spielt auf, 1927),Dmitri Shostakovich (The Nose (opera), 1929),Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (opera) (1934) and film music for The New Babylon (1929), Aram Khachaturian (Piano Concerto (Khachaturian) 1936),Hans Werner Henze (opera Elegy for young lovers, 1961)
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