Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
(Byelorussia)

Name	Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Use	Historical
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	25 December 1951
Design	A horizontal bicolor of red over green in a 2:1 ratio and the golden hammer and sickle with the bordered star on the canton, with a white ornamental pattern on a red vertical stripe at the hoist.
Designed by	Milkahil Gusyev
Flag of the Byelorussian SSR/ Republic of Belarus (1991)
Name	Бел-чырвона-белы сцяг ("The White, Red and White Flag")
Use	Historical
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	19 September 1991
Design	A horizontal triband of white, red and white
Designed by	Kłaŭdzi Duž-Dušeŭski

This flag was adopted by the Byelorussian SSR on December 25, 1951. Prior to this, the flag was red with the Cyrillic characters БССР (BSSR) in gold in the top-left corner, surrounded by a gold border. Between 1937 and the adoption of the above flag in the 1940s, the flag was the same, but with a gold hammer and sickle above the Cyrillic characters and no border. Between 1919 and 1937, the flag was red, with the Cyrillic characters ССРБ (SSRB) in the top left-hand corner. In early 1919, a plain red flag was used. The final BySSR flag was used until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. A flag based on this design is used as the current national flag of Belarus.

In the end of the 1940s, the political need had arisen to have somewhat visually different designs of the flags of the USSR republics, especially for those that were UN members. For the BSSR flag, the image of the Belarusian folk design had been finally chosen as a distinctive feature of the flag. Then the picture of the embroidery on the «ruchnik» (handtowel) had been found in the pre-World War II archives of the Belpramsavyet. The embroidery had been made in 1917 by peasant Ms. Matrona Markyevich of the village Kastsilishcha of the Sennin region, and had been named «The Rising Sun». Artist M. I. Gusyew had prepared the project of the BSSR flag, basing it on the embroidery, with several symbolic elements added.

Symbolically, the design on the BSSR flag is decoded as follows (considering design strip positioned horizontally):

Note: All proper names and places' names in this article are rendered in BGN/PCGN.

Before 1951, several different flags had been in use since the Revolution. The earliest flag was plain red, and was used in 1919 during the existence of the Lithuanian–Byelorussian SSR. After the formation of the Byelorussian SSR, the lettering ССРБ (SSRB) was added in gold to the top hoist. This design was changed in 1937, when a hammer and sickle and red star were placed above the letters; at the same time, the typeface was changed, and the text of the lettering was altered to БССР (BSSR). During the 1940s, the hammer and sickle and red star were removed from the flag, and a gold border was added to the letters. This flag remained in use until the adoption of the 1951 flag. In September 1991, the white-red-white flag was reintroduced as the new flag of the newly independent Byelorussia (Belarus).