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First Mongol invasions of Burma

First Mongol invasions of Burma
Part of the Mongol invasions and Kublai Khan's Campaigns
Mongol invasions of Burma (1277-87).png
Sites of battles (1277–1287)
Pagan might have also seen a battle in 1287
Date 1277–1278, 1283–1285 and 1287
Location Upper Burma, Dehong and Baoshan, Yunnan
Result

Decisive Yuan victory

Territorial
changes
Northern Burma to Tagaung added to the Yuan dynasty
Belligerents
Yuan dynasty Pagan Empire
Commanders and leaders
Units involved

Imperial Mongol Army

Royal Burmese Army
Strength

1277–78: 12,000


1283–85: 24,000+

  • 10,000 Sichuan troops
  • 14,000 Persian troops
  • Other regiments

1287: 20,000+

1277–78: unknown


1283–85: 10,000+


1287: unknown
Casualties and losses

1277–78: unknown


1283–85: unknown


1287: 7000

1277–78: unknown


1283–85: 10,000+


1287: unknown

Decisive Yuan victory

Imperial Mongol Army

1277–78: 12,000

1283–85: 24,000+

1277–78: unknown

1283–85: 10,000+

1277–78: unknown

1283–85: unknown

1277–78: unknown

1283–85: 10,000+

The first Mongol invasions of Burma (Myanmar) (Burmese: မွန်ဂို–မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၂၇၇–၁၂၈၇)) were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire that took place between 1277 and 1287. The invasions toppled the 250-year-old Pagan Empire, and the Mongol army seized Pagan territories in present-day Dehong, Yunnan and northern Burma to Tagaung. The invasions ushered in 250 years of political fragmentation in Burma and the rise of Tai-Shan states throughout mainland Southeast Asia.

The Mongols first demanded tribute from Pagan in 1271–72, as part of their drive to encircle the Song dynasty of China. When King Narathihapate refused, Emperor Kublai Khan himself sent another mission in 1273, again demanding tribute. It too was rejected. In 1275, the emperor ordered the Yunnan government to secure the borderlands in order to block an escape path for the Song, and permitted a limited border war if Pagan contested. Pagan did contest but its army was driven back at the frontier by the Mongol Army in 1277–78. After a brief lull, Kublai Khan in 1281 turned his attention to Southeast Asia, demanding tribute from Pagan, the Khmer Empire, Đại Việt and Champa. When the Burmese king again refused, the emperor ordered an invasion of northern Burma. Two dry season campaigns (1283–85) later, the Mongols had occupied down to Tagaung and Hanlin, forcing the Burmese king to flee to Lower Burma. The Mongols organized northern Burma as the province of Zhengmian.


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Wikipedia

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