First Crusades

First Crusade
Part of the Crusades
Miniature of the Siege of Jerusalem (1099) (14th century, BNF Fr. 22495 fol. 69v). Godfrey of Bouillon is using a siege tower to assault the walls.
Date 1095–1099 Location Mostly Levant and Anatolia Result Crusader victory Territorial changes The Capture of Jerusalem Creation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and other Crusader states
Belligerents
Crusaders Kingdom of France Blois Toulouse Boulogne Flanders Normandy Le Puy-en-Velay Vermandois Brittany Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Lower Lorraine Republic of Genoa Sicily (Taranto) Byzantine Empire Armenian Cilicia	Muslim forces Seljuk Sultanate Danishmends Fatimid Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
Imperial Contingent: Godfrey of Bouillon Baldwin of Boulogne Southern French Contingent: Raymond IV of Toulouse Adhemar of Le Puy Northern French Contingent: Hugh I of Vermandois Stephen II of Blois Robert II of Flanders Robert II of Normandy Norman-Italian Contingent Bohemond of Taranto Tancred of Hauteville Richard of Salerno Eastern Leaders: Alexios I Komnenos Tatikios Manuel Boutoumites Constantine of Armenia	Seljuq Empire: Kilij Arslan I Yaghi-Siyan Kerbogha Duqaq Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan Danishmends Ghazi ibn Danishmend Fatimids Iftikhar ad-Daula Al-Afdal Shahanshah
Strength
Crusaders: ca. 35,000 30,000 infantry 5,000 cavalry Byzantines: ca. 2,000	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Moderate to High (estimates vary)	High

Crusaders

Muslim forces

Imperial Contingent:

Southern French Contingent:

Northern French Contingent:

Norman-Italian Contingent

Eastern Leaders:

Seljuq Empire:

Danishmends

Fatimids

Crusaders:
ca. 35,000

Byzantines:

The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to capture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095. Urban called for a military expedition to aid the Byzantine Empire, which had recently lost most of Anatolia to the Seljuq Turks. The resulting military expedition of primarily Frankish nobles, known as the Princes' Crusade not only re-captured Anatolia but went on to conquer the Holy Land (the Levant), which had fallen to Islamic expansion as early as in the 7th century, and culminated in July 1099 in the re-conquest of Jerusalem and the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

The expedition was a reaction to the appeal for military aid by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Urban's convocation of the Council of Clermont was specifically dedicated to this purpose, proposing siege warfare against the recently occupied cities of Nicaea and Antioch, even though Urban's speech at Clermont in the testimony of witnesses writing after 1100 was phrased to allude to the re-conquest of Jerusalem and the Holy Land as additional goals.

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Wikipedia