Fenian raids

Fenian Raids
Part of the Fenian Rising
From top to bottom: Charge of O'Neill's Fenians upon the Canadian troops; Canadian soldiers charge a Fenian Raid on Eccles Hill
Date April 1866 – October 1871 Location Canada Result British/Canadian victory; Defeat of Fenian soldiers End of incursions into Canada
Belligerents
Fenian Brotherhood Supported By: Irish Republican Brotherhood United States (Alleged)	British Empire Canada (1867–71) Province of Canada (1866)
Commanders and leaders
John O'Mahony Thomas Sweeny John O'Neill Samuel B. Spiers Owen Starr	Charles Doyle John A. Macdonald George-Étienne Cartier John Dennis Wiliam Smith
Casualties and losses
14 killed	22 killed

British/Canadian victory;

Fenian Brotherhood
Supported By:

British Empire

Between 1866 and 1871, the Fenian raids of the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish Republican organization based in the United States, on British army forts, customs posts and other targets in Canada, were fought to bring pressure on Britain to withdraw from Ireland. They divided Catholic Irish-Canadians, many of whom were torn between loyalty to their new home and sympathy for the aims of the Fenians. The Protestant Irish were generally loyal to Britain and fought with the Orange Order against the Fenians. While the U.S. authorities arrested the men and confiscated their arms, there is speculation that some in the U.S. government had turned a blind eye to the preparations for the invasion, angered at actions that could have been construed as Canadian assistance to the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. There were five Fenian raids of note and all of them ended in failure.

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