Federico Cesi (July 2, 1500—January 28, 1565) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Federico Cesi was born in Rome on July 2, 1500, the son of Roman noble Angelo Cesi and his wife Francesca Cardoli. He was the younger brother of Cardinal Paolo Emilio Cesi.
He studied law at the University of Rome and then practiced law in Rome. He later left legal practice to become a priest.
On June 12, 1523, he was elected Bishop of Todi, with dispensation for not having reached the canonical age. He was consecrated as a bishop in Rome on July 25, 1524 by Paris de Grassis, Bishop of Pesaro. He soon became a member of the Apostolic Camera.
Pope Paul III made him a cardinal priest in the consistory of December 19, 1544. He received the red hat and the titular church of San Pancrazio on July 9, 1545. He resigned the government of the Diocese of Todi on March 11, 1545. From November 9, 1549 to February 12, 1552, he was the administrator of the Diocese of Caserta.