Fakhr-al-Din II
| Fakhr-al-Din ibn Maan II | |
|---|---|
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Fakhr-Al-Din II
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| Born |
August 6, 1572 Baakleen, Mount Lebanon Emirate (Ottoman Empire) |
| Died | April 13, 1635 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire |
| Home town | Baakleen |
| Title | The Big, Sultan of the Lands, Prince of Lebanon |
| Parent(s) | Korkmaz ibn-Maan |
| Relatives | Fakhreddine ibn-Maan I (grandfather) |
Emir Fakhr-al-Din ibn Maan (August 6, 1572 – April 13, 1635) (Arabic: الامير فخر الدين بن معن), also transliterated Fakhreddine, was a Druze Ma'ani prince and an early leader of the Emirate of Chouf, a self-governed area under the Ottoman Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries. Son of Prince Qorqmaz ibn Maan (Arabic: الامير قرقماز بن معن) and Sit Nasab (Arabic: الست نسب) of the Tanukhi family, he was given the title "Emir" or Prince in Arabic because the Maan family was pre-eminent in the Shouf and, periodically, a larger area. He is often referred to as "Fakhr ad-Din II" because of his grandfather Fakhr ad-Din I. He and members of his family were from time to time appointed Sanjakbeyi or governor/tax-farmer of districts (Sanjaks) like Sidon or Beirut. His period was characterized by economic and cultural prosperity, and he had fought other Lebanese families to unite the people of Lebanon and seek independence from the Ottoman Empire. He is therefore considered by some to be the first "Man of Lebanon" to seek the sovereignty of modern-day Lebanon. Others consider this to be anachronistic as his aims were more dynastic than national. However, the Ottomans eventually tired of this troublesome vassal. Sultan Murad IV had him executed with one or two of his sons on April 13, 1635.
Born in Baakline to a Druze family, he was according to some accounts raised in the Lebanese village of Abey. There are conflicting versions of his early life, but it is certain that his father died when he was 13. One of the better accounts of the Maans in general and Fakhr ad-Din in particular is by Abdul-Rahim Abu-Husayn.
In 1608 Fakhr-al-Din forged an alliance with the Italian Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The alliance contained both a public economic section and a secret military one.
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