Faithful representation

In mathematics, especially in an area of abstract algebra known as representation theory, a faithful representation ρ of a group G on a vector space V is a linear representation in which different elements g of G are represented by distinct linear mappings ρ(g).

In more abstract language, this means that the group homomorphism

is injective (or one-to-one).

Caveat: While representations of G over a field K are de facto the same as ${\displaystyle K[G]}$-modules (with ${\displaystyle K[G]}$ denoting the group algebra of the group G), a faithful representation of G is not necessarily a faithful module for the group algebra. In fact each faithful ${\displaystyle K[G]}$-module is a faithful representation of G, but the converse does not hold. Consider for example the natural representation of the symmetric group S_n in n dimensions by permutation matrices, which is certainly faithful. Here the order of the group is n! while the n×n matrices form a vector space of dimension n². As soon as n is at least 4, dimension counting means that some linear dependence must occur between permutation matrices (since 24 > 16); this relation means that the module for the group algebra is not faithful.

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