FIM-43 Redeye

FIM-43 Redeye
Type	Manportable surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1967–1995
Used by	See Operators
Wars	Vietnam War Soviet war in Afghanistan Nicaraguan Revolution
Production history
Designer	Convair
Designed	July 1959
Manufacturer	General Dynamics
Produced	1967–September 1982
No. built	85,000
Variants	See Variants
Specifications (FIM-43 Redeye)
Weight	8.3 kg (18.3 lb)
Length	1.20 m (3 ft 11.5 in)
Diameter	70 mm (2.75 in)
Crew	1
Effective firing range	4,500 m (14,800 ft)
Warhead	M222 Blast-fragmentation
Warhead weight	1.06 kg (2.35 lb)
Detonation mechanism	Impact Fuze
Engine	First stage - Booster (Ejector): 3.3 kN (750 lbf) for 0.048 s Second stage - Sustainer: 1.1 kN (250 lbf) for 5.8 s
Speed	Mach 1.7 (580 m/s)
Guidance system	Infrared homing

The General Dynamics FIM-43 Redeye was a man-portable surface-to-air missile system. It used infrared homing to track its target. Production began in 1968 and ended in September 1969 after about 85,000 rounds had been built - in anticipation of the Redeye II, which later became the FIM-92 Stinger. The Redeye was withdrawn gradually between 1982 and 1995 as the Stinger was deployed.

In 1948 the United States Army began seeking new infantry air-defense weapons, as machine guns were ineffective against new fast jets. Several gun/rocket systems were investigated but none were promising. In the mid-1950s Convair began studies of a man portable infrared guided missile. In November 1956 the results of these studies were shown to the US Army and Marine Corps. In 1957 official requirements were formulated, and in 1958 Convair was awarded a contract to start development of the system.

In July 1959 the development project began, in March 1960, the first test rounds were fired. Launches from a launch tube followed in May 1961, with a shoulder launch occurring in 1961. Technical problems prevented the missile entering full production: the missile did not live up to its specifications - being slower, less maneuverable and less accurate. During the testing, substantial use was made of the Atlantic Research MQR-16 Gunrunner expendable target missile.

Limited production began as XM41 Redeye Block I. The missile was designated XMIM-43A in June 1963. Block I systems were then evaluated between 1965 and 1966.

Block II systems designated XM41E1 began development in 1964, the missile being designated XMIM-43B. The missiles were delivered in April 1966, and included a new gas-cooled detector cell, a slightly redesigned launcher and an improved warhead.

In 1965 to 1966 General Dynamics developed the final Redeye Block III configuration, designated at first XM41E2 with XFIM-43C missiles. The missiles retained the seeker from the Block II missile, but included a new rocket motor, warhead and fuze. The launcher now had an XM-62 open sight and upgraded electronics. The new missile could turn at up to 3g. The missile achieved a kill probability against F9F tactical drones travelling at 430 knots at an altitude of 100 meters of 0.51. From this it was calculated that the kill probability versus a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 at similar altitude would be 0.403, and 0.53 against helicopters (specifically the Mi-6 and US H-13 and H-21). Kill probability against larger propeller driven aircraft like the AN-12 was estimated at 0.43. Production of the Block III systems began in May 1967. In 1968 Block III was declared operational.