Exostoma

Exostoma
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Sisoridae
Subfamily:	Glyptosterninae
Genus:	Exostoma Blyth, 1860
Type species
Exostoma berdmorei Blyth, 1860

Exostoma is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are distributed in the Brahmaputra drainage of northeast India, and east and south to the Salween drainages in Burma. E. berdmorei is found in the Sittang and Salween drainages in Burma.E. labiatum is known from the Brahmaputra drainage in northeast India, but has also been recorded in the Salween drainage in Burma, the Ayeyarwady drainage in China, and the Brahmaputra drainage in Tibet and Burma.E. stuarti is from the Ayeyarwady River of Burma and India; however, it has not been collected since its original discovery.E. labiatum is found in mountain rapids.

In a 2007 checklist of sisorid and erethistid catfishes, Thomson lists E. stuarti and E. vinciguerrae as valid species. In a 2007 checklist of catfishes, Ferraris lists these two species as species inquerendae, noting that these species are either treated as valid or as synonyms of E. labiatum.

There are currently 9 recognized species in this genus:

Exostoma is distinguished by having a continuous groove behind the lips (post-labial groove), the gill openings not extending onto the underside (venter), homodont dentition of oar-shaped, distally flattened teeth in both jaws, the tooth patches separated in upper jaw, and 10–11 branched pectoral rays. The head is depressed with a broadly rounded snout. The body is elongate and flattened ventrally to the pelvic fins. The eyes are minute, dorsally located, and under the skin (subcutaenous). The lips are thick, fleshy, and papillated. The teeth are small to large, moveable, oar-shaped, flattened distally and directed posteriorly in distinct patches.

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