Ethoxyquin

Ethoxyquin

Names
IUPAC name 6-Ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline
Identifiers
CAS Number	91-53-2 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:77323 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL172064 Y
ChemSpider	3177 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.887
E number	E324 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem	3293
UNII	9T1410R4OR Y
InChI InChI=1S/C14H19NO/c1-5-16-11-6-7-13-12(8-11)10(2)9-14(3,4)15-13/h6-9,15H,5H2,1-4H3 Y Key: DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C14H19NO/c1-5-16-11-6-7-13-12(8-11)10(2)9-14(3,4)15-13/h6-9,15H,5H2,1-4H3 Key: DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES O(c2ccc1c(\C(=C/C(N1)(C)C)C)c2)CC
Properties
Chemical formula	C14H19NO
Molar mass	217.31 g·mol−1
Melting point	< 25 °C (77 °F; 298 K)
Boiling point	123–125 °C (253–257 °F; 396–398 K) at 2 mmHg
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ethoxyquin is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative in certain countries and a pesticide (under commercial names such as "Stop-Scald") to control scald on pears after harvest. It is used as a preservative in some pet foods to prevent the rancidification of fats. Ethoxyquin is also used in some spices to prevent color loss due to oxidation of the natural carotenoid pigments.

As an antioxidant to control the browning of pears, ethoxyquin is approved in the United States and in the European Union.

In the United States, it is approved for use as a food additive in animal feed and in the spices chili powder, paprika, and ground chili. Ethoxyquin is not permitted for use in Australian foods nor is it approved for use within the European Union.

Ethoxyquin is allowed in the fishing industry in Norway as a feed stabilizer and is therefore commonly used in food pellets fed to farmed salmon.

Ethoxyquin is used in pellets fed to chickens on chicken farms.

There has been some speculation that ethoxyquin in pet foods might be responsible for multiple health problems. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has only found a verifiable connection between ethoxyquin and buildup of protoporphyrin IX in the liver, as well as elevations in liver-related enzymes in some animals, but there are no known health consequences from these effects. In 1997, the Center for Veterinary Medicine asked pet food manufacturers to voluntarily limit ethoxyquin levels to 75 ppm until further evidence is reported. However, most pet foods that contain ethoxyquin have never exceeded this amount.

Ethoxyquin has been shown to be slightly toxic to fish.

A 2015 review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) indicated that there is a lack of data to assess the safety of ethoxyquin as a feed additive for target animals, or its safety for consumers and the environment. The agency found one of its metabolites, ethoxyquin quinone imine, to be possibly genotoxic, and p-phenetidine, an impurity that could be present from the manufacturing process, to be possibly mutagenic.