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Ethnic groups of Nigeria

Federal Republic of Nigeria
  • Jamhuriyar Taraiyar Nijeriya  (Hausa)
  • Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà  (Igbo)
  • Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Aláàpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà  (Yoruba)
Motto: "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress"
Location of Nigeria shown in dark green
Location of Nigeria shown in dark green
Capital Abuja
9°4′N 7°29′E / 9.067°N 7.483°E / 9.067; 7.483
Largest city Lagos
6°27′N 3°23′E / 6.450°N 3.383°E / 6.450; 3.383
Official languages English
Major languages
Other languages
Religion See Religion in Nigeria
Demonym Nigerian
Government Federal presidential republic
• President
Muhammadu Buhari
Yemi Osinbajo
Bukola Saraki
Yakubu Dogara
W.S. Nkanu Onnoghen
Legislature National Assembly
Senate
House of Representatives
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Unification of Southern and Northern Nigeria
1914
• Declared and recognised
1 October 1960
• Republic declared
1 October 1963
29 May 1999
Area
• Total
923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi) (32nd)
• Water (%)
1.4
Population
• 2016 estimate
185,989,640 (7th)
• 2006 census
140,431,790
• Density
197.2/km2 (510.7/sq mi) (71st)
GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate
• Total
$1.166 trillion (20th)
• Per capita
$6,351 (124th)
GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate
• Total
$484.895 billion (21st)
• Per capita
$2,640 (122nd)
Gini (2010) Positive decrease 43.0
medium
HDI (2015) Increase 0.514
low · 152nd
Currency Naira (₦) (NGN)
Time zone WAT (UTC+1)
Drives on the right
Calling code +234
ISO 3166 code NG
Internet TLD .ng
Nigeria National symbols of Nigeria
Flag Bicolour
Emblem Coat of arms of Nigeria
Anthem "Arise, O Compatriots"
Animal Eagle
Bird Black crowned crane
Flower Costus spectabilis
Sport Football

The Federal Republic of Nigeria /nˈɪəriə/, commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.

Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It then alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with the 2011 presidential elections considered the first to be reasonably free and fair.


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