Ethanethiol
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| Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Ethanethiol
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| Other names
Ethyl mercaptan
Mercaptoethane Ethyl sulfhydrate |
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| Identifiers | |
75-08-1 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChemSpider |
6103
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.762 |
| PubChem | 6343 |
| RTECS number | KI9625000 |
| UNII |
M439R54A1D
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| UN number | 2363 |
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| Properties | |
| C2H6S | |
| Molar mass | 62.13404 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Rotten cabbage, flatulence, skunk-like |
| Density | 0.8617 g·cm−3 |
| Melting point | −148 °C (−234 °F; 125 K) |
| Boiling point | 35 °C (95 °F; 308 K) |
| 0.7% (20°C) | |
| Vapor pressure | 442 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.6 |
| -47.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Nauseating |
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EU classification (DSD)
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 F  Xn  N
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| R-phrases | R11, R20, R50/53 |
| S-phrases | S16, S25, S60, S61 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | −48 °C; −55 °F; 225 K |
| Explosive limits | 2.8%-18.0% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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682 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
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LC50 (median concentration)
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4410 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 2770 (mouse, 4 hr) |
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |
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PEL (Permissible)
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C 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) |
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REL (Recommended)
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C 0.5 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) [15-minute] |
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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500 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
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Related compounds
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Methanethiol Butanethiol Ethanol thiophenol |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is  ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Ethanethiol, commonly known as ethyl mercaptan, is a clear liquid with a distinct odor. It is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3CH2SH. Abbreviated EtSH, it consists of an ethyl group (Et), CH3CH2, attached to a thiol group, SH. Its structure parallels that of ethanol, but with sulfur in place of oxygen. The odor of EtSH is infamous. Ethanethiol is more volatile than ethanol due to a diminished ability to engage in hydrogen bonding. Ethanethiol is toxic. It occurs naturally as a minor component of petroleum, and may be added to otherwise odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to help warn of gas leaks. At these concentrations, ethanethiol is not harmful.
Ethanethiol is prepared by the reaction of ethylene with hydrogen sulfide over a catalyst. The various producers utilize different catalysts in this process. It has also been prepared commercially by the reaction of ethanol with hydrogen sulfide gas over an acidic solid catalyst, such as alumina.
Ethanethiol was originally reported by Zeise in 1834. Zeise treated calcium ethyl sulfate with a suspension of barium sulfide saturated with hydrogen sulfide. He is credited with naming the C2H5S- group as mercaptum.
Ethanethiol can also be prepared by a halide displacement reaction, where ethyl halide is reacted with aqueous sodium bisulfide. This conversion was demonstrated as early as 1840 by Henri Victor Regnault.
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