Ethambutol
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Stereo, skeletal formula of ethambutol
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Myambutol, Etibi, Servambutol, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration |
by mouth |
| ATC code | J04AK02 (WHO) |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 20–30% |
| Metabolism | liver |
| Biological half-life | 3–4 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| Synonyms | (2S,2’S)-2,2’-(Ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol |
| CAS Number |
74-55-5 
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| PubChem (CID) | 14052 |
| DrugBank | DB00330 |
| ChemSpider | 13433 |
| UNII | 8G167061QZ |
| KEGG | D07925 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:4877 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL44884 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.737 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
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Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effect include problems with vision, joint pain, nausea, headaches, and feeling tired. Other side effects include liver problems and allergic reactions. It is not recommended in people with optic neuritis, significant kidney problems, or under the age of five. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been found to cause harm. In the United States the FDA has raised concerns about eye issues in the baby if used during pregnancy. Ethambutol is believed to work by interfering with the bacteria's metabolism.
Ethambutol was discovered in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Ethambutol is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 2.58 to 4.73 USD per month. In the United States it costs 100 to 200 USD per month.
Ethambutol is used along with other medications to treat a number of infections including: tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii.
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