Ermak Timofeevich

Yermak Timofeyevich
17th century portrait of Yermak, the first Russian leader of the exploration and conquest of Siberia
Born	between 1532 and 1542 Along Chusovaya River, Dvina River, Kama River or Don River, Russia
Died	August 5 or 6, 1585 Sibiryak, Qashliq, Khanate of Sibir, Russia
Nationality	Russian
Occupation	soldier, explorer, porter, sailor, river pirate
Known for	The cossack who led the Russian exploration and conquest of Siberia, in the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible

Yermak Timofeyevich (Russian: Ерма́к Тимофе́евич; IPA: [jɪˈrmak tʲɪmɐˈfʲejɪvʲɪtɕ]; born between 1532 and 1542 – August 5 or 6, 1585) was a Cossack ataman who started the Russian conquest of Siberia, in the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Russians' fur-trade interests fueled their desire to expand east into Siberia. The tsar's ultimate goal was to extend all the way to the Bering Strait. The Tatar khanate of Kazan was established as the best entryway into Siberia. In 1552, Ivan the Terrible's modernized army toppled the khanate. After the takeover of Kazan, the tsar looked to the powerful and affluent Stroganov merchant family to spearhead the eastward expansion. In the late 1570s, the Stroganovs recruited Cossack fighters to invade Asia on behalf of the tsar. These Cossacks elected Yermak as the leader of their armed forces, and in 1582 Yermak set out with an army of 840 to attack the Khanate of Sibir.

On October 26, 1582, Yermak and his soldiers overthrew Kuchum Khan's Tatar empire at Qashliq in a battle that marked the "conquest of Siberia". Yermak remained in Siberia and continued his struggle against the Tatars until 1584, when a raid organized by Kuchum Khan ambushed and killed him and his party.

The specifics of Yermak's life, such as his appearance, background, and dates of events, remain points of controversy for historians because the texts that document his life are not reliable. However, his life and conquests had a profound influence on Siberian relations, sparking Russian interest in the region and establishing the Tsardom of Russia as an aggressive imperial power east of the Urals.