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Epirus (ancient state)

Epirus
Ἄπειρος
Ápeiros
330 BCE–167 BCE
Capital Passaron (330–295 BCE)
Amvrakia (295–224 BCE)
Phoenice (224–167 BCE)
Languages Northwest Greek
Religion Ancient Greek religion
Government Monarchy (330–231 BCE), Federal Republic (231–167 BCE)
King
 •  330–313 BCE Aeacides
 •  307–302 BCE Pyrrhus of Epirus
 •  302–297 BCE Neoptolemos II
 •  297–272 BCE Pyrrhus of Epirus
 •  231–167 BCE Epirote League
Historical era Classical antiquity
 •  Epirote tribes established united political entity 330 BCE
 •  Pyrrhus' campaign in Italy 280–275 BCE
 •  Monarchy abolished 231 BCE
 •  Conquered by the Roman Republic in the Third Macedonian War 167 BCE
Currency Epirote drachma
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Molossians
Thesprotians
Chaonians
Macedonia (Roman province)

Epirus (/ɪˈprəs/; Northwest Greek: Ἄπειρος, Ápeiros; Attic: Ἤπειρος, Ḗpeiros) was an ancient Greek state, located in the geographical region of Epirus in the western Balkans. The homeland of the ancient Epirotes was bordered by the Aetolian League to the south, Thessaly and Macedonia to the east, and Illyrian tribes to the north. For a brief period (280–275 BC), the Epirote king Pyrrhus managed to make Epirus the most powerful state in the Greek world, and his armies marched against Rome during an unsuccessful campaign in Italy.

Epirus has been occupied since at least Neolithic times by seafarers along the coast and by hunters and shepherds in the interior who brought with them the Greek language. These people buried their leaders in large tumuli containing shaft graves, similar to the Mycenaean tombs, indicating an ancestral link between Epirus and the Mycenaean civilization. A number of Mycenaean remains have been found in Epirus, especially at the most important ancient religious sites in the region, the Necromanteion (Oracle of the Dead) on the Acheron river, and the Oracle of Zeus at Dodona.


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